DGRN

Abstract

To ensure high cacao yields, assessing soil fertility is crucial for appropriate amendment and fertilizer use. This study aimed to determine cationic macronutrient availability classes for cacao at two soil depths (0–10 and 0–20 cm) using the Boundary Line (BL) approach, with the goal of contributing to fertilization recommendations for modern cacao cultivars. Specifically, it sought to establish novel classes for the 0–10 cm layer and refine/validate existing recommendations for the 0–20 cm layer.

The record of thalloid macrofossils in the North-Northwest region of the Paraná Basin is less studied compared to that of invertebrate paleofauna in the same area. Consequently, the lack of important information regarding the niches occupied by thalloid embryophytes during early land colonization in this coastal paleoenvironment is evident.

This study highlights a new by-product source for cobalt by recycling Paleoproterozoic Mn deposits. We present a geochemical modeling approach utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for available geochemical data of Paleoproterozoic manganese deposits found in Africa and Brazil, which exhibit anomalous cobalt contents (up to 1200 ppm) along with other metals such as copper, nickel, and vanadium.